Abstract The Russian–Ukrainian war is a dramatic effect of the growing imbalances and
instability of the global economic and political order, together with other effects that this …

With ever-increasing political tensions between China and Russia on one side and the EU
and the US on the other, it only seems a matter of time until protectionist policies cause a …

This paper analyzes the evolution of the incidence and intensity of non-tariff measures
(NTMs). It extends earlier work by measuring protection from NTMs over time from a newly …

A growing share of modern trade policy instruments is shaped by non-tariff barriers (NTBs).
Based on a structural gravity equation and the recently updated Global Trade Alert …

We analyse whether global value chains (GVCs) reduce trade barriers in the agricultural
and food sectors as they affect lobbying and government incentives. Political economy …

In recent years, the imposition of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) has increased rapidly both in
quantity and importance. This development, with its considerable economic impact …

This paper uses Chinese customs data to investigate the trade effects of anti-dumping (AD)
policies. Merging firm-level exports to firm-specific AD duties, we exploit differences across …

This article uses a theory‐based translog gravity model to investigate the heterogeneous
effects of food standards on aggregate agricultural trade. We revisit the 'standards‐as …

This study aims to examine whether aid for trade can help recipient countries improve their
ability to meet the non-tariff measures imposed by trading partners and alleviate these …

In the past few decades, China has put substantial efforts into liberalising its trade and
economy that accelerated after its accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in …