All animals evaluate the salience of external stimuli and integrate them with internal
physiological information into adaptive behavior. Natural and sexual selection impinge on …

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including the mass-produced component of
plastics, bisphenol A (BPA) are widely prevalent in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Many …

Animals evaluate and respond to their social environment with adaptive decisions.
Revealing the neural mechanisms of such decisions is a major goal in biology. We analyzed …

Estrogens affect brain development of vertebrates, not only by impacting activity and
morphology of existing circuits, but also by modulating embryonic and adult neurogenesis …

Sex-steroid hormones are well-known regulators of vocal motor behavior in several
organisms. A large body of evidence now indicates that these same hormones modulate …

Unrelated species often evolve similar phenotypic solutions to the same environmental
problem, a phenomenon known as convergent evolution. But how do these common traits …

Minimally invasive methods for estimating hormone concentrations in wild vertebrates offer
the opportunity to repeatedly measure behavior and hormone concentrations within …

The production of communication signals can be modulated by hormones acting on the
brain regions that regulate these signals. However, less is known about how signal …

Rather than being a static, species specific trait, reproductive behavior in female amphibians
is variable within an individual during the breeding season when females are capable of …

The brain of amphibians contains all the key enzymes of steroidogenesis and has a high
steroidogenic activity. In seasonally-breeding amphibian species brain steroid levels …