We present a new glacier chronology from one of the major end moraine systems of the
Southern Alps. Timing and extent of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) advance of the Ticino …

The general chronological outline of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the Alps is well
known after more than two centuries of ice age research in Europe. Current studies focus on …

Terrestrial vegetation and soils hold three times more carbon than the atmosphere. Much
debate concerns how anthropogenic activity will perturb these surface reservoirs, potentially …

The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian
steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little …

The origin, development, and legacy of the enigmatic Etruscan civilization from the central
region of the Italian peninsula known as Etruria have been debated for centuries. Here we …

During solar storms, the Sun expels large amounts of energetic particles (SEP) that can
react with the Earth's atmospheric constituents and produce cosmogenic radionuclides such …

Anatolia was home to some of the earliest farming communities. It has been long debated
whether a migration of farming groups introduced agriculture to central Anatolia. Here, we …

Studies of early human settlement in alpine environments provide insights into human
physiological, genetic, and cultural adaptation potentials. Although Late and even Middle …

Cycles of glaciation impose mechanical stresses on underlying bedrock as glaciers
advance, erode, and retreat. Fracture initiation and propagation constitute rock mass …

Large rivers connect the continents and the oceans, and corresponding material fluxes have
a global impact on marine biogeochemistry. The Yellow River transports vast quantities of …