The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

Matrigel, a basement-membrane matrix extracted from Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm mouse
sarcomas, has been used for more than four decades for a myriad of cell-culture …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) stem cell culture systems have attracted considerable
attention as a way to better mimic the complex interactions between individual cells and the …

Over the past 20 years, and particularly in the last decade, significant developmental
milestones have driven basic, translational, and clinical advances in the field of stem cell …

Hydrogel scaffolds that can repair or regrow damaged biological tissue have great potential
for the treatment of injury and disease. These biomaterials are widely used in the tissue …

Owing to the importance of stem cell culture systems in clinical applications, researchers
have extensively studied them to optimize the culture conditions and increase efficiency of …

The cell microenvironment has emerged as a key determinant of cell behavior and function
in development, physiology, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the …

Although only a few stem cell-based therapies are currently available to patients, stem cells
hold tremendous regenerative potential, and several exciting clinical applications are on the …

Cartilage lesions can progress into secondary osteoarthritis and cause severe clinical
problems in numerous patients. As a prospective treatment of such lesions, human-derived …

Three-dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCSs) have a complex architectural structure,
dynamic cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions and bio-mimicking in vivo microenvironment. As a …