Lichens represent self-supporting symbioses, which occur in a wide range of terrestrial
habitats and which contribute significantly to mineral cycling and energy flow at a global …

Lichens are the symbiotic outcomes of open, interspecies relationships, central to which are
a fungus and a phototroph, typically an alga and/or cyanobacterium. The evolutionary …

Green algae display a wide range of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that include
various types of cell walls (CW), scales, crystalline glycoprotein coverings, hydrophobic …

To defend against microbial invaders but also to establish symbiotic programs, plants need
to detect the presence of microbes through the perception of molecular signatures …

Basidiomycete yeasts have recently been reported as stably associated secondary fungal
symbionts of many lichens, but their role in the symbiosis remains unknown. Attempts to …

Lichen symbioses are thought to be stabilized by the transfer of fixed carbon from a
photosynthesizing symbiont to a fungus. In other fungal symbioses, carbohydrate subsidies …

Heavily pigmented glacier ice algae Ancylonema nordenskiöldii and Ancylonema
alaskanum (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) reduce the bare ice albedo of the Greenland …

The microbial world represents a phenomenal diversity of microorganisms from different
kingdoms of life, which occupy an impressive set of ecological niches. Most, if not all …

Lichens are well-known examples of complex symbiotic associations between organisms
from different Kingdoms. Microfungi in particular, establish diverse associations with the …

Lichens have traditionally been considered the symbiotic phenotype from the interactions of
a single fungal partner and one or few photosynthetic partners. However, lichen symbioses …