Resistance to therapeutic treatment and metastatic progression jointly determine a fatal
outcome of cancer. Cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance are traditionally studied as …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer, is defined as lacking
estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a collection of biologically diverse cancers
characterized by distinct transcriptional patterns, biology, and immune composition. TNBCs …

Breast cancer progression is a complex process controlled by genetic and epigenetic factors
that coordinate the crosstalk between tumor cells and the components of tumor …

Tumor mutational burden (TMB), the total number of somatic coding mutations in a tumor, is
emerging as a promising biomarker for immunotherapy response in cancer patients. TMB …

Breast cancer, the most common type of cancer affecting women, encompasses a collection
of histologic (mainly ductal and lobular) and molecular subtypes exhibiting diverse clinical …

The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly
improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) …

Recently, the development of immunotherapy through the immune checkpoint blockade led
to long-lasting responses in several types of cancers that are refractory to conventional …

This review focuses on immune checkpoint inhibitors–immunomodulatory agents that aim to
relieve tumour-mediated immune-cell suppression. Immune checkpoint proteins can be …

Background The predictive value of tumor mutational burden (TMB), alone or in combination
with an immune gene expression profile (GEP), for response to neoadjuvant therapy in early …