Variable polarity plasma arc welding (VPPAW) is a highly efficient method for joining
aluminum and magnesium alloys, primarily because of the automatic removal of oxide …

The Keyhole Plasma Arc Welding (KPAW) process utilizes arc plasma highly constricted by
a water-cooled cupper nozzle to produce great arc pressure for opening a keyhole in the …

A novel model is developed that enables the heat-force on the weld pool to vary
synergistically with the welding current and the plasma gas flow rate in variable polarity …

The keyhole arc welding technique has the advantage of improving welding efficiency by
utilizing a stable keyhole mode. Accurate understanding of the keyhole effect is necessary to …

The initial unstable stage associated with keyhole plasma arc welding affects the stability
and quality heavily, especially in the non-vertical welding position, which is difficult to control …

Abstract Plasma-Metal Inert Gas (MIG) hybrid welding was employed to carry out bead on
plate welding of an aluminum alloy A5052. The plasma arc was ignited to form a keyhole …

Lightweight manufacturing reduces energy consumption and protects the environment;
therefore, it offers an important direction of development in engineering. Variable polarity …

This study investigated heat and mass transfer as well as the effect of gravity on keyhole
formation in the molten pool of keyhole plasma arc welding. The flow trajectory of the molten …

The metal flow of the keyhole molten pool affects weld pool stability and weld formation
vitally during continuous variable polarity plasma arc welding (VPPAW). A novel “keyhole …

The complex flow within the molten metallic pool, during advanced manufacturing and
joining processes such as welding and additive manufacturing, directly affects the …