Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic disease that cannot be cured. Biologic
agents have enabled good therapeutic successes; however, the response to biologic …

RA is a progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease with articular and systemic effects. Its
exact cause is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are contributory. T cells, B …

Host modulation therapy refers to a treatment concept in which drug therapies are used as
an adjunct to conventional periodontal treatment to ameliorate destructive aspects of the …

Regulated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HDACs), histone acetylation is a
key epigenetic mechanism controlling chromatin structure, DNA accessibility, and gene …

Objective MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a new class of regulatory elements. Altered expression of
miRNA has been demonstrated in the inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-17 (also known as IL-17A), the signature cytokine of the newly
described T helper 17 (Th17) cell population, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of …

Objective. To investigate whether advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induce the
expression of IL-6 and IL-8 through the receptor for AGEs (RAGE)-activated pathways in …

Autoimmune diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized
world, affecting 3–8% of the population. In principle, autoimmunity develops after breaking …

The discovery of the Th1/Th2 paradigm of CD4+ T-cell subsets redefined our understanding
of immunity by highlighting the essential roles of cytokine networks in the induction and …

Current evidence about the effects of inflammation on the outcomes of patients with
advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) generally originates from single measurements of …