The past decade has witnessed exponentially growing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb)
owing to new discoveries relating to its critical role in regulating negatively motivated …

Postmortem investigations have implicated astrocytes in many neurological and psychiatric
conditions. Multiple brain regions from individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Alcohol consumption afflicts men and women differently. However, the underlying neuronal
mechanisms that contribute to the difference are mostly unexplored. Although more men …

Dysregulation of glutamate homeostasis is a well-established core feature of
neuropsychiatric disorders. Extracellular glutamate concentration is regulated by glutamate …

Withdrawal from chronic alcohol drinking can cause depression, leading to an inability to
function in daily life and an increased risk for relapse to harmful drinking. Understanding the …

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a frequent and disabling complication of stroke that affects
up to one-third of stroke survivors. The pathophysiology of PSD involves multiple …

Anxiety disorders often co-occur with alcohol use disorders, but the mechanisms underlying
this comorbidity remain elusive. Previously, we reported that rats withdrawn from chronic …

Hypofunction of the serotonergic (5-HT) system has close relationship with the symptoms in
major depressive disorders (MDD), however, the underlying neural circuitry mechanisms are …

Tobacco smoking is a serious health problem worldwide and a leading cause of mortality.
Nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco, affects a range of emotional responses …

The lateral habenula (LHb) encodes aversive states, and its dysregulation is implicated in
neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is a …