The ability to perform muscle contractions is one of the most important and distinctive
features of eumetazoans. As the sister group to bilaterians, cnidarians (sea anemones …

Abstract Background The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades,
during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been …

Background Cnidaria (corals, sea anemones, hydroids, jellyfish) is a phylum of relatively
simple aquatic animals characterized by the presence of the cnidocyst: a cell containing a …

The fresh water polyp Hydra provides textbook experimental demonstration of positional
information gradients and regeneration processes. Developmental biologists are thus …

Patterns of species richness are commonly linked to life history strategies. In diatoms, an
exceptionally diverse lineage of photosynthetic heterokonts important for global …

Leptothecata are hydrozoans whose hydranths are covered by perisarc and gonophores
and whose medusae bear gonads on their radial canals. They develop complex polypoid …

We have compiled available records in the literature for medusozoan cnidarians and
ctenophores of South America. New records of species are also included. Each entry (ie …

Identification of hydrozoan species is challenging, even for taxonomic experts, due to the
scarcity of distinct morphological characters and phenotypic plasticity. DNA barcoding …

The marine hydroid Plumularia setacea has a near-cosmopolitan distribution. As in other
sessile invertebrates with limited dispersal abilities, the wide distribution could also be a …

The diversity of hydrozoan life cycles, as manifested in the wide range of polyp, colony, and
medusa morphologies, has been appreciated for centuries. Unraveling the complex history …