Clostridium difficile is a major cause of intestinal infection and diarrhoea in individuals
following antibiotic treatment. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that …

Clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen that is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-
associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis worldwide. The incidence, severity …

Background The adaptive immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is influenced by an
interaction between host genetics and environment, particularly the host microbiome …

The presence of commensal fungal species in the human gut indicates that organisms from
this kingdom have the potential to benefit the host as well. Saccharomyces boulardii, a yeast …

Caffeine, a xanthine alkaloid compound, is consumed widely and daily by humans, as it is
present in several regular beverages such as tea, coffee, soda beverages, and some drugs …

Gut microbiota is a compilation of microorganisms dwelling in the entire mammalian
gastrointestinal tract. They display a symbiotic relationship with the host contributing to its …

The host immune response affects pathogen virulence in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
Thus, cytokine responses to CDI likely are associated with disease initiation and …

Intestinal immunity and homeostasis are maintained through the regulation of cytokine
trafficking, microbiota, necrosis and apoptosis. Intestinal immunity and homeostasis …

Clostridioides difficile is a common cause of nosocomial infection. Antibiotic-induced
dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota is a core cause of C. difficile infection (CDI) …

Pathobionts are opportunistic microbes that emerge as a result of perturbations in the
healthy microbiome due to complex interactions of various genetic, exposomal, microbial …