This report is the second part of a comprehensive two-part series aimed at reviewing an
extensive and diverse toolkit of novel methods to explore brain health and function. While …

Avalanche photodiodes have emerged as a promising technology with significant potential
for various medical applications. This article presents an overview of the advancements and …

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) offer advantages such as lower relative cost, smaller size,
and lower operating voltages compared to photomultiplier tubes. A SiPM's readout circuit …

Deep learning has been actively investigated for various applications such as image
classification, computer vision, and regression tasks, and it has shown state-of-the-art …

Diffuse optical imaging and tomography based upon frequency-domain near-infrared
spectroscopy (fdNIRS) is used to noninvasively measure tissue structure and function …

In this paper, a parallel-plate diffuse optical imaging has been proposed and developed with
chaotic laser. To evaluate the ability of the diffuse optical imaging system, a series of tissue …

A design for a low-cost, heterodyne, frequency domain-diffuse optical spectroscopy system
is presented and validated. The system uses a single wavelength of 785 nm and a single …

Over the past several decades, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become a popular
research and clinical tool for non-invasively measuring the oxygenation of biological tissues …

A diffuse optical tomography system with chaotic laser is proposed for the three-dimensional
optical phantom. The high signal-to-noise ratio is beneficial to improve the spatial resolution …

Significance The estimation of tissue optical properties using diffuse optics has found a
range of applications in disease detection, therapy monitoring, and general health care …