Systemic lupus erythematosus is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease marked by the
presence of pathogenic autoantibodies, immune dysregulation, and chronic inflammation …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease, which
affects multiple organs, including joints, skin, kidneys, heart, hematopoietic system, and …

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE), which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality of SLE …

Inflammation and immune system dysfunction contributes to the development of
cardiovascular and renal disease. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease. By
now, no novel drug has been approved by the US FDA in the past 50 years, except …

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) DRB1* 03 and DRB1* 02 have been associated with
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Caucasians and black populations. It has been …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic systemic autoimmune disease in which
glomerulonephritis represents one of the most severe clinical presentations. Numerous …

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a high prevalence of abnormal bone
metabolism and vitamin D deficiency. Genetic studies have provided the opportunity to …

Background The aim of this study was to determine whether the angiotensin‐converting
enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to systemic …

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the insertion (I)/deletion (D)
polymorphism within intron 16 of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) confers …