Equifinality constitutes a challenge when interpreting agency in archaeological sites. The
fact that a specific type of damage frequently cannot be linked to a single actor, behavior, or …

Experimental analyses directly inform how an anatomical feature or complex functions
during an organism's lifetime, which serves to increase the efficacy of comparative studies of …

The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus sensu lato) is a typical representative of Pleistocene
megafauna which became extinct at the end of the Last Glacial. Detailed knowledge of cave …

More than 300 cave bear bones from all over Europe have carbon and nitrogen isotopic
composition that match overwhelmingly a diet based on plants, except for samples from two …

Climate changes that occurred during the Late Pleistocene have profound effects on the
distribution of many plant and animal species and influenced the formation of contemporary …

The diet of the fossil cave bears (Ursus spelaeus group) has been debated extensively.
Thought traditionally to be herbivorous, more recent studies have proposed more meat in …

We report on the taxonomy and paleodiet of the bear population that inhabited the
emblematic palaeoanthropological Early Pleistocene (1.8 Ma) site of Dmanisi (Georgia) …

The rediscovery of old collections and revision of the fossil material from more than 30
Sudeten caves and rock shelters allow reconstructing the faunal changes during the Late …

Food webs are networks of feeding (trophic) interactions among species. As any other
network approach, research on food webs focuses its analysis on the structure of direct and …

The family Ursidae is currently one of the taxonomic groups with the lowest number of
species among Carnivora. Extant bear species exhibit broad ecological adaptations both at …