Polymetallic massive sulfides on the modern seafloor have been found in diverse volcanic
and tectonic settings at water depths ranging from about 3700 to 1500 m. These deposits …

Submarine hydrothermal sulfide ores occur at mid-ocean ridges, intra-oceanic arcs and in
back-arc basins associated with host rocks of highly variable composition. Pyrite is the …

The discovery of metal-depositing hot springs on the sea floor, and especially their link to
chemosynthetic life, was among the most compelling and significant scientific advances of …

Micro-crystalline barites recovered by deep-sea drilling from Site 684 on the Peru margin
and Site 799 in the Japan Sea are highly enriched in the heavy sulfur isotope relative to …

Seafloor hydrothermal activity at mid-ocean ridges has a major impact on the chemistry of
the oceans [Edmond et al., 1979] and has been responsible for extensive alteration of …

Geodiversity of Hydrothermal Processes Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Ultramafic-Hosted
Mineralization: a New Type Of Oceanic Page 1 321 Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow …

The recognition of abundant and widespread hydrothermal activity and associated unique
life-forms on the ocean floor is one of the great scientific discoveries of the latter half of the …

Bismuth occurs in a wide range of mineral deposit types and is usually regarded as a
deleterious by-product. Its classification as a critical raw material by the European …

In the Urals, a wide range of well-preserved chimneys are found in VMS deposits, which are
associated with ultramafic (Atlantic type: Dergamysh), mafic (Cyprus type: Buribay), bimodal …

Abstract The Red Dog Zn-Pb deposits are hosted in organic-rich mudstone and shale of the
Mississippian Kuna Formation. A complex mineralization history is defined by four sphalerite …