Abstract Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by systemic hyper-
inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ failure. Cytokine …

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global challenge. Despite intense …

Cytokine Storm Cytokine storm, a life-threatening disorder involving cytokine elevations and
immune-cell hyperactivation, has various causes and is characterized by constitutional …

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) has generally been described as a collection of clinical
manifestations resulting from an overactivated immune system. Cytokine storms (CSs) are …

Synonymous with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, macrophage activation
syndrome (MAS) is a term used by rheumatologists to describe a potentially life-threatening …

Multiple type I interferons and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are expressed under physiological
conditions and are increased by stress and infections, and in autoinflammatory and …

Immunotherapy using T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor
(CAR) is rapidly emerging as a promising new treatment for haematological and non …

Background Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare syndrome characterized
by immune dysregulation and hyperinflammation. It typically manifests in infancy and is …

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome of pathologic immune activation,
often associated with genetic defects of lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Though a distinctive …

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), which is frequently fatal, has garnered increased attention
with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. A variety of hyperinflammatory conditions …