Cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), as part of the endocannabinoid system, play a
critical role in numerous human physiological and pathological conditions. Thus …

This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 …

Intracellular peptides are produced by proteasomes following degradation of nuclear,
cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins, and can be further processed by additional peptidases …

BACKGROUND: Increasing attention has been attracted to the development of bifunctional
compounds to minimize the side effects of opioid analgesics. Pharmacological studies have …

Hemopressin (PVNFKFLSH in rats, and PVNFKLLSH in humans and mice), a fragment
derived from the α-chain of hemoglobin, was the first peptide described to have type 1 …

Background and Purpose Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) behaves as an endogenous opioid‐
modulating peptide. In the present study, the opioid and NPFF pharmacophore‐containing …

Although current therapeutics provide relief from acute pain, drugs used for treatment of
chronic pain are typically less efficacious and limited by adverse side effects, including …

Pain is a prevalent complex medical problem, characterized by physically debilitating and
mentally destabilizing conditions. Current pain therapeutics mainly include non-steroidal …

The development of multitarget opioid drugs has emerged as an attractive therapeutic
strategy to eliminate opioid-related side effects. Our previous study developed a series of …

Background The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays an important role in regulating
emotional disorders, and is involved, directly or indirectly, in psychiatric diseases, such as …