The increasingly recognized role of different types of B cells and plasma cells in protective
and pathogenic immune responses combined with technological advances have generated …

Natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies are pentameric or hexameric macro-
immunoglobulins and have been highly conserved during evolution. IgMs are initially …

Feedback inhibition of humoral immunity by antibodies was first documented in 1909.
Subsequent studies showed that, depending on the context, antibodies can enhance or …

The success of vaccines is dependent on the generation and maintenance of immunological
memory. The immune system can remember previously encountered pathogens, and …

The diversity of circulating human B cells is unknown. We use single-cell RNA sequencing
(RNA-seq) to examine the diversity of both antigen-specific and total B cells in healthy …

Immunological memory is a composite of lasting antibody titers maintained by plasma cells
in conjunction with memory T and B cells. Memory B cells are a critical reservoir for plasma …

The immune system can remember a previously experienced pathogen and can evoke an
enhanced response to reinfection that depends on memory lymphocyte populations. Recent …

Efforts to determine the antibody repertoire encoded by B cells in the blood or lymphoid
organs using high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have been advancing at an …

Memory B cells (MBCs) protect the body from recurring infections. MBCs differ from their
naive counterparts (NBCs) in many ways, but functional and surface marker differences are …

Paradoxically, loss of immunoglobulin A (IgA), one of the most abundant antibodies, does
not irrevocably lead to severe infections in humans but rather is associated with relatively …