Advances in culture-independent research techniques have led to an increased
understanding of the gut microbiota and the role it plays in health and disease. The intestine …

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus, which
is widely distributed in the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in the environment. In …

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was the first strain belonging to the genus Lactobacillus
to be patented in 1989 thanks to its ability to survive and to proliferate at gastric acid pH and …

Objective Antibiotics change the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The magnitude of
the effect of antibiotics on the microbiota and whether the effects are short-term or persist …

Background Antibiotics alter the microbial balance commonly resulting in antibiotic‐
associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via providing gut barrier, restoration …

The microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by a great number of
microbial species living in balance by adopting mutualistic strategies. The …

Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the
mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host …

Context Probiotics are live microorganisms intended to confer a health benefit when
consumed. One condition for which probiotics have been advocated is the diarrhea that is a …

The use of probiotics is increasing in popularity for both the prevention and treatment of a
variety of diseases. While a growing number of well-conducted, prospective, randomized …

Antibiotics have significant and long-lasting effects on the intestinal microbiota and
consequently reduce colonization resistance against pathogens, including Clostridium …