Live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are the tools
being used to achieve eradication of wild polio virus. Because OPV can rarely cause …

Poliomyelitis has appeared in epidemic form, become endemic on a global scale, and been
reduced to near-elimination, all within the span of documented medical history. Epidemics of …

Poliomyelitis is an acute paralytic disease caused by three poliovirus (PV) serotypes. Less
than 1% of PV infections result in acute flaccid paralysis. The disease was controlled using …

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) may be used in mass vaccination campaigns during the
final stages of polio eradication. It is also likely to be adopted by many countries following …

Background Vaccine supply shortages are of global concern. We hypothesise that
intradermal (ID) immunisation as an alternative to standard routes might augment vaccine …

Delivery of vaccine antigens to the dermis and/or epidermis of human skin (ie intradermal
delivery) might be more efficient than injection into the muscle or subcutaneous tissue …

In 2019, an 'influenza pandemic'and 'vaccine hesitancy'were listed as two of the top 10
challenges to global health by the WHO. The skin is a unique vaccination site, due to its …

Following the rapid progress towards interrupting indigenous wild poliovirus transmission in
the Americas in the early 1980s, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was launched …

Background To reduce the costs of maintaining a poliovirus immunization base in low-
income areas, we assessed the extent of priming immune responses after the administration …

Intradermal (ID) vaccination can offer improved immunity and simpler logistics of delivery,
but its use in medicine is limited by the need for simple, reliable methods of ID delivery. ID …