Early electron microscopy studies revealed the elaborate cellular features that define the
unique adaptations of apicomplexan parasites. Among these were bulbous rhoptry (ROP) …

Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite of animals and humans and can cause serious
opportunistic infections. However, the majority of infections are asymptomatic, possibly …

Toxoplasma gondii has become a model for studying the phylum Apicomplexa, in part due
to the availability of excellent genetic tools. Although reverse genetic tools are available in a …

Interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of hundreds of genes as part of an elaborate
antimicrobial programme designed to combat infection in all nucleated cells—a process …

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of global importance. In the laboratory setting, T.
gondii is frequently used as a model pathogen to study mechanisms of T helper 1 (TH1) cell …

The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii has long provided a tractable experimental
system to investigate how the immune system deals with intracellular infections. This review …

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary significance that is
able to infect any warm-blooded vertebrate host. In addition to its importance to public …

Summary Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is essential for host defense against intracellular pathogens.
Stimulation of innate immune cells by IFN-γ upregulates∼ 2,000 effector genes such as …

Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii are obligate intracellular apicomplexan
parasites that rapidly invade and extensively modify host cells. Protein phosphorylation is …

Cell-autonomous immunity is essential for host organisms to defend themselves against
invasive microbes. In vertebrates, both the adaptive and the innate branches of the immune …