We review the mechanism underlying nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence
quenching (NPQ) and its role in protecting plants against photoinhibition. This review …

Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be
studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to …

The aim of this educational review is to provide practical information on the hardware,
methodology, and the hands on application of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence technology …

Light intensity and temperature are primary environmental factors affecting the growth and
development of plants. Changes in their intensity, range and duration can lead to …

Increases in ambient temperatures have been a severe threat to crop production in many
countries around the world under climate change. Chloroplasts serve as metabolic centers …

In photosynthetic organisms, the photosystem II (PSII) complex is the primary target of
thermal damage. Plants have evolved a repair process to prevent the accumulation of …

Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) has been used for decades to study the organization,
functioning, and physiology of photosynthesis at the leaf and subcellular levels. ChlF is now …

Sunlight damages photosynthetic machinery, primarily photosystem II (PSII), and causes
photoinhibition that can limit plant photosynthetic activity, growth and productivity. The extent …

Plants and algae require light for photosynthesis, but absorption of too much light can lead
to photo‐oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and sustained decreases in the …

Various compatible solutes enable plants to tolerate abiotic stress, and glycinebetaine (GB)
is one of the most‐studied among such solutes. Early research on GB focused on the …