The venom of the marine predatory cone snails (genus Conus) has evolved for prey capture
and defense, providing the basis for survival and rapid diversification of the now estimated …

Social play behaviour is a highly energetic and rewarding activity that is of great importance
for the development of brain and behaviour. Social play is abundant during the juvenile and …

Acute and chronic pain complaints, although common, are generally poorly served by
existing therapies. This unmet clinical need reflects a failure to develop novel classes of …

Pain results from the activation of a subset of sensory neurones termed nociceptors and has
evolved as a “detect and protect” mechanism. However, lesion or disease in the sensory …

Voltage‐gated calcium channels are essential players in many physiological processes in
excitable cells. There are three main subdivisions of calcium channel, defined by the pore …

The L-type voltage-gated Ca 2+(Ca v) channels are modulated by various compounds
exemplified by 1, 4-dihydropyridines (DHP), benzothiazepines (BTZ), and …

Calcium-based (CaXs) biomaterials including calcium phosphates, calcium carbonates,
calcium silicate and calcium fluoride have been widely utilized in the biomedical field owing …

Among the ten subtypes of mammalian voltage-gated calcium (Ca v) channels, Ca v 3.1–Ca
v 3.3 constitute the T-type, or the low-voltage-activated, subfamily, the abnormal activities of …

Psychiatric disorders impose tremendous economic burden on society and are leading
causes of disability worldwide. However, only limited drugs are available for psychiatric …

Ion channels play fundamental roles in both excitable and non-excitable tissues and
therefore constitute attractive drug targets for myriad neurological, cardiovascular and …