The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes
that control cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as genes that respond to inflammation …

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the role and regulation of chondrocyte terminal
differentiation (hypertrophy-like changes) in osteoarthritis (OA) and to integrate this in a …

Chondrogenesis occurs as a result of mesenchymal cell condensation and
chondroprogenitor cell differentiation. Following chondrogenesis, the chondrocytes remain …

As the cellular component of articular cartilage, chondrocytes are responsible for
maintaining in a low-turnover state the unique composition and organization of the matrix …

In the context of OA disease, NF-κB transcription factors can be triggered by a host of stress-
related stimuli including pro-inflammatory cytokines, excessive mechanical stress and ECM …

Human cartilage is a complex tissue of matrix proteins that vary in amount and orientation
from superficial to deep layers and from loaded to unloaded zones. A major challenge to …

Articular chondrocytes are quiescent, fully differentiated cells responsible for the
homeostasis of adult articular cartilage by maintaining cellular survival functions and the fine …

In osteoarthritis (OA), adult articular chondrocytes undergo phenotypic modulation in
response to alterations in the environment owing to mechanical injury and inflammation …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, is the leading cause of impaired
mobility in the elderly, and accounts for more than a third of chronic moderate to severe pain …

Extracellular and intracellular mediators of inflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha
(TNFα) and NF‐kappaB (NF‐κB), play major roles in breast cancer pathogenesis …