This article reviews and summarizes 200 years of Parkinson's disease. It comprises a
relevant history of Dr. James Parkinson's himself and what he described accurately and …

Parkinson disease (PD) treatment options have conventionally focused on dopamine
replacement and provision of symptomatic relief. Current treatments cause undesirable …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely used for the treatment of movement disorders
including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia and, to a lesser extent, certain …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the
cardinal symptoms (akinesia and bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity), PD patients show …

Despite increasing evidence suggesting the cerebellum works in concert with the cortex and
basal ganglia, the nature of the reciprocal interactions between these three brain regions …

Cardinal motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) include bradykinesia, rest tremor, and
rigidity, which appear in the early stages of the disease and largely depend on …

Parkinson's disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
resting tremor, slowness of movements, rigidity, gait disturbance and postural instability …

Importance It is increasingly evident that Parkinson disease (PD) is not a single entity but
rather a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. Objective To evaluate available …

Parkinson's disease is highly heterogeneous in early clinical features and later outcomes.
This makes classifying subgroups of PD relevant to clinical research and practice …

Objectives Firstly, to identify subthalamic region stimulation clusters that predict maximum
improvement in rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor, or emergence of side-effects; and …