The ocean circulation is a cause and consequence of fluid scale interactions ranging from
millimeters to more than 10,000 km. Although the wind field produces a large energy input to …

Ocean data assimilation brings together observations with known dynamics encapsulated in
a circulation model to describe the time-varying ocean circulation. Its applications are …

This paper presents the ECCO v4 non-linear inverse modeling framework and its baseline
solution for the evolving ocean state over the period 1992–2011. Both components are …

This paper introduces the Flexible Global Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Land System Model: Grid‐
Point Version 3 (FGOALS‐g3) and evaluates its basic performance based on some of its …

We present a new framework for global ocean–sea-ice model simulations based on phase 2
of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP-2), making use of the surface dataset …

The ocean component of the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) is
described, and its solutions from the twentieth-century (20C) simulations are documented in …

Simulation characteristics from eighteen global ocean–sea-ice coupled models are
presented with a focus on the mean Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and …

The response of the Southern Ocean to a repeating seasonal cycle of ozone loss is studied
in two coupled climate models and is found to comprise both fast and slow processes. The …

This paper presents global comparisons of fundamental global climate variables from a suite
of four pairs of matched low-and high-resolution ocean and sea-ice simulations that are …

The problem of oceanographic state estimation, by means of an ocean general circulation
model (GCM) and a multitude of observations, is described and contrasted with the …