The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a glucose-oxidizing pathway that runs in parallel
to upper glycolysis to produce ribose 5-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide …

Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that
maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting …

Infection susceptibility, poor vaccination efficacy, age-related disease onset, and neoplasms
are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging (known as …

Metabolic transformation is a hallmark of cancer and a critical target for cancer therapy.
Cancer metabolism and behaviour are regulated by cell-intrinsic factors as well as …

The population is aging at a rate never seen before in human history. As the number of
elderly adults grows, it is imperative we expand our understanding of the underpinnings of …

Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue
homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor …

Adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells are crucial for protective
immunity against pathogens and tumors. Differentiation and function of immune cells require …

Naive T cells are actively maintained in a quiescent state that promotes their survival and
persistence. On antigen stimulation, T cells exit quiescence to initiate clonal expansion and …

Immune cells' metabolism influences their differentiation and function. Given that a complex
interplay of environmental factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can have a …

Although classically appreciated for their role as the powerhouse of the cell, the metabolic
functions of mitochondria reach far beyond bioenergetics. In this Review, we discuss how …