This review proposes that physical inactivity could be considered a behavior selected by
evolution for resting, and also selected to be reinforcing in life-threatening situations in …

A substantial loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), a decreased regenerative
capacity, and a compromised physical performance are hallmarks of aging skeletal muscle …

Primary aging is the progressive and inevitable process of bodily deterioration during
adulthood. In skeletal muscle, primary aging causes defective mitochondrial energetics and …

Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is a primary cause
of most chronic diseases. The initial third of the article considers: activity and prevention …

Aging has been linked to several degenerative processes that, through the accumulation of
molecular and cellular damage, can progressively lead to cell dysfunction and organ failure …

The mitochondria are double-membrane organelles integral for energy metabolism.
Mitochondrial dynamics is regulated by inner and outer mitochondrial membrane (IMM and …

Most nations of the world are undergoing rapid and dramatic population ageing, which
presents great socio‐economic challenges, as well as opportunities, for individuals, families …

The skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body, by mass. It is also the regulator of
glucose homeostasis, responsible for 80% of postprandial glucose uptake from the …

Type 2 diabetes, a common metabolic disease in older people, is a major risk factor for
functional limitation, impaired mobility, and loss of independence. In older people, the …

The liver is the only internal human organ capable of natural regeneration of lost tissue, as
little as 25% of a liver can regenerate into a whole liver. The process of aging predisposes to …