Molecular absorption and emission bands dominate the visible, infrared, and submillimeter
spectra of most objects with associated gas. These observations reveal a surprisingly rich …

In this review/tutorial we explore planetary nebulae as a stage in the evolution of low-to-
intermediate-mass stars, as major contributors to the mass and chemical enrichment of the …

Graphene is the strongest material ever studied and can be an efficient substitute for silicon.
This six-volume handbook focuses on fabrication methods, nanostructure and atomic …

Recent observational and experimental evidence for the presence of complex organics in
space is reviewed. Remote astronomical observations have detected ∼∼ 200 gas-phased …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a major component of the interstellar
medium carbon budget, locking up to 10–20% of the elemental carbon. Sequential …

ABSTRACT Fullerenes, including C60, C70, and C60+, are widespread in space through
their characteristic infrared vibrational features (C60+ also reveals its presence in the …

We suggest that the carrier of the unidentified infrared emission (UIE) bands is an
amorphous carbonaceous solid with mixed aromatic/aliphatic structures, rather than free …

Infrared spectra of carbon-rich objects that have evolved off the asymptotic giant branch
reveal a range of dust properties, including fullerenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons …

A family of unidentified infrared emission (UIE) bands has been observed throughout the
Universe. The current observed spectral properties of the UIE bands are summarized. These …

The interstellar medium is of great interest to us as the place where stars and planets are
born and from where, probably, the molecular precursors of life came to Earth. Astronomical …