The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

Aging is typified by a progressive decline in mitochondrial activity and stress resilience.
Here, we review how mitochondrial stress pathways have pleiotropic effects on cellular and …

Impaired redox metabolism is a key contributor to the etiology of many diseases, including
primary mitochondrial disorders, cancer, neurodegeneration and aging. However …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is recently emerging not only as a stress-
related mitokine, but also as a key player in the aging process, being one of the most up …

Mitokines are signaling molecules that enable communication of local mitochondrial stress
to other mitochondria in distant cells and tissues. Among those molecules are FGF21 …

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) are
established as stress-responsive cytokines that can modulate energy balance by increasing …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are growing health challenges with unmet treatment
needs. Traf2-and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) is a recently identified obesity-and …

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-mediated inflammasome activation play
critical roles in the pathogenesis of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Non …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide.
HCC progression and metastasis are closely related to altered mitochondrial metabolism …

Mitochondria, which serve as the energy factories of cells, are involved in cell differentiation,
calcium homeostasis, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism and apoptosis. In response to …