Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate as a natural byproduct in standard metabolism of
oxygen activities. The principal sites of ROS generation in the cell are apoplast …

As fixed organisms, plants are especially affected by changes in their environment and have
consequently evolved extensive mechanisms for acclimation and adaptation. Initially …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by metabolic pathways in almost all cells. As
signaling components, ROS are best known for their roles in abiotic and biotic stress-related …

Ascorbic acid is synthesised by eukaryotes, the known exceptions being primates and some
other animal groups which have lost functional gulonolactone oxidase. Prokaryotes do not …

In plants, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during normal conditions are essential
in regulating several processes, like stomatal physiology, pathogen immunity and …

Plants are constantly challenged by various abiotic stresses that negatively affect growth
and productivity worldwide. During the course of their evolution, plants have developed …

Contents Summary 1197 I. Introduction 1198 II. Measurement and imaging of H2O2 1198 III.
H2O2 and O2·− toxicity 1199 IV. Production of H2O2: enzymes and subcellular locations …

Chloroplasts communicate information by signalling to nuclei during acclimation to
fluctuating light. Several potential operating signals originating from chloroplasts have been …

As plants are sessile organisms that have to attune their physiology and morphology
continuously to varying environmental challenges in order to survive and reproduce, they …

Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound. SA plays an important role in
the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. The role of …