Cancers undergo sequential changes to proton (H+) concentration and sensing that are
consequences of the disease and facilitate its further progression. The impact of protonation …

Tumor DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency testing is important to the identification of
Lynch syndrome and decision making regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II …

A fundamental variable in culture medium is its pH, which must be controlled by an
appropriately formulated buffering regime, since biological processes are exquisitely …

The glycocalyx coating the outside of most cells is a polymer meshwork comprising proteins
and complex sugar chains called glycans. From a physical perspective, the glycocalyx has …

Metabolism is a continuous source of acids. To keep up with a desired metabolic rate,
tumors must establish an adequate means of clearing their acidic end-products. This …

Elevated cancer metabolism releases lactic acid and CO2 into the under-perfused tumor
microenvironment, resulting in extracellular acidosis. The surviving cancer cells must adapt …

ABSTRACT P53 is a critical tumor suppressor gene, activating p53 and its downstream
targets to induce apoptosis is a promising way for cancer therapy. However, more than 50 …

Proton export is often considered a detoxifying process in animal cells, with
monocarboxylate symporters coexporting excessive lactate and protons during glycolysis or …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive malignancy with
minimal treatment options and a global rise in prevalence. PDAC is characterized by …

Of the 800 G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) in humans, only three (GPR4, GPR65, and
GPR68) regulate signaling in acidified microenvironments by sensing protons (H+). How …