The skeleton is a highly dynamic tissue whose structure relies on the balance between bone
deposition and resorption. This equilibrium, which depends on osteoblast and osteoclast …

Mechanobiology has underpinned many scientific advances in understanding how
biophysical and biomechanical cues regulate cell behavior by identifying mechanosensitive …

Background Osteoporosis is recognized as a skeletal disorder characterized by diminished
bone tissue quality and density. Regular physical exercise is widely acknowledged to …

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway can be activated in
response to a wide range of extracellular signals. As a consequence, it can generate many …

Stem cells in their natural microenvironment are exposed to biochemical and biophysical
cues emerging from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and neighboring cells. In particular …

Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) have a multi-differentiation potential into
specialized cell types, with remarkable regenerative and therapeutic results. Several factors …

Bone mass is determined by the balance between bone formation, carried out by
mesenchymal stem cell-derived osteoblasts, and bone resorption, carried out by monocyte …

Bone remodeling is an extraordinarily complex process involving a variety of factors, such as
genetic, metabolic, and environmental components. Although genetic factors play a …

Background Glucocorticoids (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common cause
of secondary osteoporosis, which leads to an increased risk of fracture in patients. The …

Bone defects resulting from trauma, bone tumors, infections and skeletal abnormalities are a
common osteoporotic condition with respect to clinical treatment. Of the known bone …