Lung sensory receptors with afferent fibers coursing in the vagus nerves are broadly divided
into three groups: slowly (SAR) and rapidly (RAR) adapting stretch receptors and …

Rhythmicity is a universal timing mechanism in the brain, and the rhythmogenic mechanisms
are generally dynamic. This is illustrated for the neuronal control of breathing, a behavior …

Are different forms of breathing derived from one or multiple neural networks? We
demonstrate that brainstem slices containing the pre-Bötzinger complex generated two …

Synthetic opioids are increasingly challenging to combat the opioid epidemic and act
primarily at opioid receptors, chiefly the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) μ-opioid …

Opioids depress minute ventilation primarily by reducing respiratory rate. This results from
direct effects on the preBötzinger Complex as well as from depression of the …

This review summarizes the current understanding of the neurotransmitters and
neuromodulators that are involved, firstly, in respiratory rhythm and pattern generation …

The respiratory rhythm is generated by the interaction of oscillators disparately distributed
throughout the pons, medulla, and spinal cord. According to the classic model, the …

Background Recent studies showed partial reversal of opioid-induced respiratory
depression in the pre-Bötzinger complex and the parabrachial nucleus/Kölliker–Fuse …

Respiratory brainstem neurons fulfill critical roles in controlling breathing: they generate the
activity patterns for breathing and contribute to various sensory responses including …

Background: The preBötzinger Complex (preBC) plays an important role in respiratory
rhythm generation. This study was designed to determine whether the preBC mediated …