Abstract The study of European Pleistocene Hippopotamus presents unresolved questions
and a lack of consensus among specialists being matter of hotly debate in the last decades …

This work presents a comprehensive review of the Quaternary fossil records of
hippopotamuses from the Iberian Peninsula, unveiling biogeographical insights of global …

The fossils of the Nihewan (Nihowan) Fauna (senso stricto) or the Classic Nihewan Fauna
derived from diversified sites around the Xiashagou Village located at the northern bank of …

Abstract The late Early Pleistocene archaeological site of Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Guadix-
Baza Depression, SE Spain), dated to~ 1.4 Ma, provides evidence on the subsistence …

We undertake a comparative mammalian zoogeographic analysis with the aim of revealing
the extent to which the Dmanisi Early Pleistocene large mammal assemblage resembles, at …

The taxonomy, chronology and dispersal patterns of hippopotamuses in Western Europe are
still a matter of debate, despite the long history of researchers on these topics. In this …

The “Wolf event” is a prominent concept in large mammal biochronology of western Europe.
It was defined in the 1980s as an intercontinental “dispersal event”, best represented by the …

Equus suessebornensis is one of the most intriguing species of the Early and Middle
Pleistocene Eurasian Equus. Although it was described from the Middle Pleistocene site of …

Fossil foxes, genus Vulpes, are known since the Late Miocene of North America and the Old
World but their record is utterly scarce, fragmentary, and referred to a number of different …

European large mammal assemblages in the 1.2–0.9 Ma timespan included Villafranchian
taxa together with newcomers, mostly from Asia, persisting in the Middle Pleistocene. A …