The initiation of transcription is a complex process involving many different steps. These
steps are all potential control points for regulating gene expression, and many have been …

Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) are bacteriophage-derived macromolecular machines
responsible for the release of at least two proteins in the milieu, which are thought to form an …

Scanning force microscopy (SFM) has been used to study transcriptional activation of
Escherichia coli RNA polymerase· σ54 (RNAP· σ54) at the glnA promoter by the constitutive …

DNA mimicry by proteins is a strategy that employed by some proteins to occupy the binding
sites of the DNA-binding proteins and deny further access to these sites by DNA. Such …

The protein σ54 associates with Escherichia coli core RNA polymerase to form a
holoenzyme that binds promoters but is inactive in the absence of enhancer activation. Here …

Escherichia coli σ54 was analyzed by making a series of 16 internal deletions within its
gene and analyzing the properties of the mutant proteins. All of the mutant proteins except …

The RNA polymerase sigma factor σN (σ54) is characterized by the presence, near the C‐
terminal end of the protein, of a highly conserved sequence of 10 amino acids …

Results of binding assays using DNA fork junction probes indicate that sigma 54 contains
multiple determinants that regulate melting to allow RNA polymerase to remain in closed …

Transcription initiation by bacterial σ54-RNA polymerase requires a conformational change
of the holopolymerase–DNA complex, driven by an enhancer-binding protein. Although …

The σNclass of sigma factors confer upon RNA polymerase the requirement for enhancer-
binding activator proteins. The sigma-N (σN) protein ofKlebsiella pneumoniaewas analysed …