The transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays major roles in inflammatory diseases
through regulation of inflammation and cell viability. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic …

Animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), specifically experimental autoimmune
encephalomyelitis (EAE), have been used extensively to develop anti-inflammatory …

Pathologic roles of innate immunity in neurologic disorders are well described, but their
beneficial aspects are less understood. Dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor (CLR), is largely …

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a homodimeric disulfide bound
glycoprotein that promotes endothelial growth, accompanied by higher vascular …

The unfolded protein response (UPR), which comprises three branches: PERK, ATF6α, and
IRE1, is a major mechanism for maintaining cellular proteostasis. Many studies show that …

We sought to assess the impact of 4-Methylhistamine (4-MeH), a specific agonist targeting
the Histamine H4 Receptor (H4R), on the progression of experimental autoimmune …

Neurodegeneration plays a key role in multiple sclerosis (MS) contributing to long-term
disability in patients. The prognosis is, however, unpredictable coloured by complex disease …

The wide-ranging influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) within the central
(CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), for example through effects on axonal growth …

Promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is important for
fostering remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Catalpol has the potential to promote …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating affliction of the central nervous system (CNS) that
involves demyelination of neuronal axons and neurodegeneration resulting in disability that …