Abstract The United States is in the midst of an opioid addiction and overdose crisis
precipitated and exacerbated by use of prescription opioid medicines. The majority of opioid …

Research has focused on understanding how overeating can affect brain reward
mechanisms and subsequent behaviors, both preclinically and in clinical research settings …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Alcoholism is a major public health problem and resembles, in many ways, other chronic
relapsing medical conditions. At least 2 separate dimensions of its symptomatology offer …

Abstract Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that was deorphanized
in 1995. The generation of specific agonists, antagonists and receptor deficient mice and …

The concept of the “extended amygdala”, developed and explored by Lennart Heimer, Jose
de Olmos, George Alheid, and their collaborators, has had an enormous impact on the field …

Recent technical developments have transformed how neuroscientists can probe brain
function. What was once thought to be difficult and perhaps impossible, stimulating a single …

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide with serious consequences such as
diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. Emotional stress is considered to be …

Negative emotional states that are associated with excessive alcohol intake, particularly
anxiety-like states, have been linked to opponent processes in the central nucleus of the …

The advance of functional genomics revealed the superfamily of G-protein coupled
receptors (GPCRs). Hundreds of GPCRs have been cloned but many of them are orphan …