Parents divide their reproductive effort into the production of sons and daughters. Darwin
(43) was intrigued by the fact that parents usually split their effort so that approximately equal …

Evolutionary theories about parent-offspring relationships have predicted that young will
aggressively demand food and care from their parents at the time of weaning-when the …

Understanding a species' behaviour in natural conditions can give insights into its
development, responses and welfare in captivity. Here, we review research and pest control …

The process of weaning is related to a critical or threshold body weight attained by offspring
among large‐bodied mammals; the anthropoid primates, ungulates and pinnipeds. While …

Maternal behavior in mammals is the result of a complex interaction between the lactating
dam and her developing offspring. Slight perturbations of any of the components of the …

Abstract Proteins of the ProSAP/Shank family act as major organizing scaffolding elements
within the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. Deletions, mutations or the …

Cooperative behavior is a hallmark of the primate order. Cooperation is therefore an area of
intensive theoretical research in biology, anthropology, political sciences and economics, as …

Mammary gland development occurs mainly after birth and is composed of three successive
stages: puberty, pregnancy and lactation, and involution. These developmental stages are …

The functional significance of communal nesting and nursing is poorly understood. Female
house mice often communally nest, and within these communal nests females appear to …

With the development of laboratory animal science, increasing attention has been given to
the possible influence of housing and husbandry on the behaviour and welfare of laboratory …