Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic byproducts that are necessary for
physiological function but can be toxic at high levels. Levels of these oxidative stressors …

Physical activity decreases the risk of a network of diseases, and exercise may be
prescribed as medicine for lifestyle-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes, dementia …

Background Anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnancy typically affect between 10 and
25% of pregnant individuals. Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety are associated …

The beneficial effects of physical activity on brain ageing are well recognised, with
exerkines, factors that are secreted into the circulation in response to exercise, emerging as …

Neurological and mental illnesses account for a considerable proportion of the global
burden of disease. Exercise has many beneficial effects on brain health, contributing to …

INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related
dementia, characterized by cognitive impairment, neurodegeneration, β-amyloid (Aβ) …

Once thought to be a waste product of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now known to form
continuously under aerobic conditions. Shuttling between producer and consumer cells …

Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st
century. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is by no means an …

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a key molecule involved in plastic changes
related to learning and memory. The expression of BDNF is highly regulated, and can lead …

Exercise has been shown to benefit brain structure and function, particularly in aging
populations. However, the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its effects, especially in …