HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein [Env; trimeric (gp160) 3 cleaved to (gp120/gp41) 3] attaches
the virion to a susceptible cell and induces fusion of viral and cell membranes to initiate …

Ari Helenius launched the field of enveloped virus fusion in endosomes with a seminal
paper in the Journal of Cell Biology in 1980. In the intervening years, a great deal has been …

Intervention strategies are urgently needed to control the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The trimeric viral spike (S) protein catalyzes fusion …

The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells depends on the refolding of the virus-encoded
spike protein from a prefusion conformation, which is metastable after cleavage, to a lower …

There are at least 21 families of enveloped viruses that infect mammals, and many contain
members of high concern for global human health. All enveloped viruses have a dedicated …

The receptor binding and proteolysis of Spike of SARS-CoV-2 release its S2 subunit to
rearrange and catalyze viral-cell fusion. This deploys the fusion peptide for insertion into the …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is the simplest cellular glycerophospholipid characterized by unique
biophysical properties: a small headgroup; negative charge; and a phosphomonoester …

Most viral vaccines are based on inducing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the virus
envelope or spike glycoproteins. Many viral surface proteins exist as trimers that transition …

SARS-CoV-2 cell entry is completed after viral spike (S) protein–mediated membrane fusion
between viral and host cell membranes. Stable prefusion and postfusion S structures have …

Fusion with, and subsequent entry into, the host cell is one of the critical steps in the life
cycle of enveloped viruses. For Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) …