Enormous progress has been made in the last half-century in the management of diseases
closely integrated with excess body weight, such as hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and …

Behaviours such as eating, copulating, defending oneself or taking addictive drugs begin
with a motivation to initiate the behaviour. Both this motivational drive and the behaviours …

Background The gastrointestinal peptide hormone ghrelin was discovered in 1999 as the
endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Increasing evidence …

During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

Health nudge interventions to steer people into healthier lifestyles are increasingly applied
by governments worldwide, and it is natural to look to such approaches to improve health by …

Ghrelin, a gastric-derived acylated peptide, regulates energy homeostasis by transmitting
information about peripheral nutritional status to the brain, and is essential for protecting …

Food is a potent natural reward and food intake is a complex process. Reward and
gratification associated with food consumption leads to dopamine (DA) production, which in …

Signals of energy homeostasis interact closely with neural circuits of motivation to control
food intake. An emerging hypothesis is that the transition to maladaptive feeding behavior …

Obesity is a global epidemic that contributes to a number of health complications including
cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders …

The hedonic properties of food can stimulate feeding behaviour even when energy
requirements have been met, contributing to weight gain and obesity. Similarly, the hedonic …