Abstract The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good
description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a …

The simplest ΛCDM model provides a good fit to a large span of cosmological data but
harbors large areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvement of the number …

The cosmological principle (CP)—the notion that the Universe is spatially isotropic and
homogeneous on large scales—underlies a century of progress in cosmology. It is …

ABSTRACT We introduce the Virgo Consortium's FLAMINGO suite of hydrodynamical
simulations for cosmology and galaxy cluster physics. To ensure the simulations are …

The universe's biggest galaxies have both vast atmospheres and supermassive central
black holes. This article reviews how those two components of a large galaxy couple and …

The tension between early and late Universe probes of the Hubble constant has motivated
various new FLRW cosmologies. Here, we reanalyse the Hubble tension with a recent age …

The hypothesis that the late Universe is isotropic and homogeneous is adopted by most
cosmological studies, including studies of galaxy clusters. The cosmic expansion rate H 0 is …

Based on the assumption that quasars (QSOs) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) represent
standardizable candles, we provide evidence that the Hubble constant H 0 adopts larger …

A 10% difference in the scale for the Hubble parameter constitutes a clear problem for
cosmology. Here, considering angular distribution of type Ia supernovae (SN) within the …

The KBC void is a local underdensity with the observed relative density contrast δ≡ 1−
ρ/ρ0= 0.46±0.06 between 40 and 300 Mpc around the Local Group. If mass is conserved in …