Irrigation is considered the primary means of cleaning and disinfection of the root canal
system. The purpose of this review was to set the framework for the obstacles that irrigation …

Microbiota are found in highly organized and complex entities, known as biofilms, the
characteristics of which are fundamentally different from microbes in planktonic …

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the XP-endo
Finisher (XPF; FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) in biofilm removal in …

Aims To establish whether irrigant activation techniques (IAT s) result in greater intracanal
smear layer and debris removal than conventional needle irrigation (CNI). Methodology Six …

Clinical endodontics encompasses a number of treatments that share the common goal of
preventing and treating microbial contamination of pulps and root canal systems. Treatment …

Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the irrigant flow in curved root canals
prepared to various apical sizes by constant-taper or variable-taper instruments during …

Background Fluid dynamics is a majorly neglected aspect to be studied in root canal
irrigation. The fundamental rule to understand mechanics is to observe patterns of flow …

Aim To establish whether irrigant activation techniques, namely manual dynamic activation
(MDA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and sonic irrigation (SI), improve the tubular …

Irrigation plays an essential role in root canal treatment. The purpose of this narrative review
was to critically appraise the experimental methods and models used to study irrigants and …

Introduction Thorough understanding of fluid dynamics in root canal irrigation and
corresponding antibiofilm capacity will support improved disinfection strategies. This study …