Cell-mediated cytotoxicity is one of the major mechanisms by which vertebrates control
intracellular pathogens. Two cell types are the main players in this immune response …

Since its discovery, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has had a huge
impact on the farming industry. The virus that causes PRRS is Porcine Reproductive and …

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a positive sense, single-
stranded RNA virus that is known to infect only pigs. The virus emerged in the late 1980s …

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a polymicrobial syndrome that results from a
combination of infectious agents, such as environmental stressors, population size …

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an RNA virus widely
prevalent in pigs, results in significant economic losses worldwide. PRRSV can escape from …

This review deals with mechanisms of actions (MOA) and adjuvant effects of various types of
adjuvants for swine vaccines. A number of different types of adjuvants have been tested with …

Simple Summary Vaccine immunization measures are mainly adopted for porcine
reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) prevention. We summarize the advantages …

Immuno-stimulatory class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes of porcine
reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are important for vaccine …

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is a highly mutable RNA
virus that affects swine worldwide and its control is very challenging due to its formidable …

Enhancing livestock biosecurity is critical to safeguard the livelihoods of farmers, global and
local economies, and food security. Vaccination is fundamental to the control and prevention …