Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with many human
diseases. So far, however, we have failed to define homeostasis or dysbiosis by the …

The intestinal tract faces numerous challenges that require several layers of defence. The
tight epithelium forms a physical barrier that is further protected by a mucus layer, which …

The intestinal barrier protects the host against gut microbes, food antigens, and toxins
present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, gut barrier integrity can be affected by intrinsic …

Biogeography is the study of species distribution and diversity within an ecosystem and is at
the core of how we understand ecosystem dynamics and interactions at the macroscale. In …

Changes in the composition of gut-associated microbial communities are associated with
many human illnesses, but the factors driving dysbiosis remain incompletely understood …

Throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, a distinct mucus layer composed of highly
glycosylated proteins called mucins plays an essential role in providing lubrication for the …

INTRODUCTION An intricate balance with our intestinal microbes is pivotal to human health.
A key interface of host-microbial interactions occurs in the mucus that covers the intestinal …

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral
cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial …

The colonic epithelium facilitates host–microorganism interactions to control mucosal
immunity, coordinate nutrient recycling and form a mucus barrier. Breakdown of the …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents a unique challenge to the mammalian immune
system. It must tolerate the presence of the luminal microbiota and thus not respond to their …