Objective To review all literature on the nonmedical use (NMU) and diversion of prescription
stimulants to better understand the characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of NMU and to …

The misuse of stimulant medication among college students is a prevalent and growing
problem. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to summarize the current research …

Abstract The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine convened a panel of experts to
provide an evidence-based, best practices document to assist sports medicine physicians …

Use of prescription stimulants by normal healthy individuals to enhance cognition is said to
be on the rise. Who is using these medications for cognitive enhancement, and how …

Approximately 2 to 8% of the college population reports clinically significant levels of ADHD
symptomatology and at least 25% of college students with disabilities are diagnosed with …

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequently diagnosed disorder in child-
and adulthood with a high impact affecting multiple facets of social life. Therefore, patients …

Psychostimulants such as cocaine have been used as performance enhancers throughout
recorded history. Although psychostimulants are commonly prescribed to improve attention …

Background Neuroenhancement is the use of substances by healthy subjects to enhance
mood or cognitive function. The prevalence of neuroenhancement among Swiss university …

Study Objective To estimate the 12‐month prevalence of cognitive‐enhancing drug use.
Design Paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire that used the randomized response technique …

Prescription stimulants, including methylphenidate (eg, Ritalin) and amphetamine
compounds (eg, dextroamphetamine; Adderall), have been approved by the US Food and …