Transcription of DNA is a fundamental process in all cellular organisms. The enzyme
responsible for transcription, RNA polymerase, is conserved in general architecture and …

Pausing by RNA polymerase (RNAP) during transcription regulates gene expression in all
domains of life. In this review, we recap the history of transcriptional pausing discovery …

Single-molecule Förster Resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is an adaptable method for
studying the structure and dynamics of biomolecules. The development of high throughput …

Metabolic control is mediated by the dynamic assemblies and function of multiple redox
enzymes. A key element in these assemblies, the P450 oxidoreductase (POR), donates …

RNA polymerases (RNAPs) carry out the first step in the central dogma of molecular biology
by transcribing DNA into RNA. Despite their importance, much about how RNAPs work …

Cellular RNA polymerase is a multi-subunit macromolecular assembly responsible for gene
transcription, a highly regulated process conserved from bacteria to humans. In bacteria …

Prokaryotic transcription is one of the most studied biological systems, with relevance to
many fields including the development and use of antibiotics, the construction of synthetic …

Abstract The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of
tuberculosis, enacts unique transcriptional regulatory mechanisms when subjected to host …

Biomolecular systems, such as proteins, crucially rely on dynamic processes at the
nanoscale. Detecting biomolecular nanodynamics is therefore key to obtaining a …

Extracytoplasmic (ECF) σ factors, the largest class of alternative σ factors, are related to
primary σ factors, but have simpler structures, comprising only two of six conserved …