Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a
common feature of both animal and plant innate immune systems. In plants, PRR signalling …

Danger signals trigger immune responses upon perception by a complex surveillance
system. Such signals can originate from the infectious nonself or the damaged self, the latter …

Receptor kinases (RKs) are of paramount importance in transmembrane signaling that
governs plant reproduction, growth, development, and adaptation to diverse environmental …

Because of their high level of diversity and complex evolutionary histories, most studies on
plant receptor-like kinase subfamilies have focused on their kinase domains. With the large …

The innate immune system of plants recognizes microbial pathogens and terminates their
growth. However, recent findings suggest that at least one layer of this system is also …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are ubiquitous signaling modules in
eukaryotes. Early research of plant MAPKs has been focused on their functions in immunity …

Plants are engaged in a continuous co-evolutionary struggle for dominance with their
pathogens. The outcomes of these interactions are of particular importance to human …

Contents Summary 70 I. Introduction 70 II. Ancient associations between plants and
microbes 72 III. Evolutionary dynamics of plant–pathogen interactions 74 IV. Evolutionary …

Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls protecting them from a myriad of environmental
challenges. For successful habitat adaptation, extracellular cues are perceived at the cell …

Summary Receptor‐like kinases (RLKs), which constitute the largest receptor family in
plants, are essential for perceiving and relaying information about various environmental …