Glutamate is one of the most prevalent neurotransmitters released by excitatory neurons in
the central nervous system (CNS); however, residual glutamate in the extracellular space is …

The mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a permeability increase of the inner
mitochondrial membrane mediated by a channel, the permeability transition pore (PTP) …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the second most frequent and prevalent complication of
diabetes mellitus (DM). The increase in the production of oxidative stress (OS) is induced by …

Aging has been linked to several degenerative processes that, through the accumulation of
molecular and cellular damage, can progressively lead to cell dysfunction and organ failure …

Oxidative stress has been implicated as a contributor to both the onset and the progression
of diabetes and its associated complications. Some of the consequences of an oxidative …

Background Oxidative stress and inflammation play essential roles in the development and
progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Baicalin (BAI), a natural flavonoid, has been …

Cardiovascular disease is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, and improved
strategies for prevention and treatment are needed. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to …

A pivotal role for excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases is gaining increasingly more
acceptance, but the underlying mechanisms through which it participates in …

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. Its
morphologic characteristics include glomerular hypertrophy, basement membrane …

Mitochondria play a pivotal role in energy metabolism, programmed cell death and oxidative
stress. Mutated mitochondrial DNA in diseased cells compromises the structure of key …